The Minimum Wage Act Of 2007 - 1607 Words

Introduction In 1938, the first national minimum wage laws in the United States were passed as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act, which served as â€Å"a floor below wages,† to reduce poverty and to ensure that economic growth is shared across the workforce. Today, many people who work for companies that pay at or near the minimum wage and remain near or below the poverty level rely on government health and food security and income programs to supplement their living expenses. Since 1938, there have been many additional policies to the Fair Labor Standards Act that have changed many things, such as increasing the national minimum wage numerous times to the currently salary level, which was set in 1997. The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 was a policy to change the federal minimum wage from $5.15 to $7.25 in three additions, which began in July of 2009. (http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/posters/minwagebwp.pdf) There has been many conversations about what the positive impacts can come to America s lowest income workers as a result of an increase in the minimum wage, and there has also been equally as many discussions over the negative effects the increase can have on similar people. This paper’s purpose is to combine each viewpoint and objectively analyze the arguments for and against an increase in the minimum wage. I will first discuss the benefits for an increase, then the disadvantages, and in the last paragraph, I willShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Raising a Minimum Wage Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesMinimum Wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage that employers have to compensate the workers for their service. Currently the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. However, many states also have their own minimum wage laws. In those instances, the employee is entitled to the higher of the two minimum wages. In this paper we will discuss the brief history of the minimum wage law and its current legislation. We will also analyze the pros and cons of raising the minimum wage, and theRead MoreEssay on The Debate over Raising the Minimum Wage1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe federal minimum wage was raised to $7.25 an hour by Congress in 2009, something that has been carried out only a handful of times since the establishment of the wage in the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938. Even with this modest rise in income, the minimum wage today does not provide for a decent standard of living. It has failed to keep pace with the wage growth of an average American worker. The minimum wage was i ntended provide a minimum standard of living; to aid in alleviating povertyRead MoreCongress As Part Of The Fair Labor Standards Act1084 Words   |  5 PagesLabor Standards Act (FLSA) instituted minimum wage back in 1938. The first minimum wage was at $0.25 per hour and the last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007. Over the past 65 years the minimum wage has varied considerably in inflation-adjusted buying power. It has averaged $6.60 an hour in purchasing power in 2013 dollars, but it has ranged from a low of $3.09 an hour in late 1948 to a high of $8.67 an hour in 1968. Today’s minimum wage buys somewhat more than the minimum wage has historicallyRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Persuasive Essay $7.25 equals two gallons of gas, one fast food meal, or a simple school supply. With the minimum wage at the current rate you must work one hour to earn the seven dollars and twenty-five cents that only supply you with small necessities for everyday living. This problem was encountered before and was resolved with the agreement to higher the minimum wage from $5.85 to the current $7.25. Although that was a big increase in salaries, was it truly enough? This controversyRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage, A Speech Outline Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesRaising the minimum wage Introduction I. Attention Getter: Per capita, Idaho is ranked number one in the nation – Number one, when it comes to paying workers as little as possible. II. Topic Orientation: The U.S. Bureau of Labor estimates that 31,000 or 7.7 percent of all Idaho’s workers are paid the current national minimum wage of $7.25 an hour or less. (Maben) A. Idaho has the highest percentage of minimum-wage workers per capita of any state. (Maben) B. The overall povertyRead MoreWorking Poor : The Work Poor Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of stories to depict social welfare programs like the minimum wage act, immigration, Social Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability (SSD), healthcare act, Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), drug addiction, sexual abuse, Individual Education Plans (IEP), and the gender pay gap along with many others. The overarching theme throughout the book was that the working poor never make enough money to cover their expenses and the wage never goes up enough over the span of their lifetime. OneRead MoreMinimum Wage Does Not Impact The Poverty Rate600 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum Wage Does Not Impact The Poverty Rate The Working Poor Gain Little Other than Protection In the 1930’s, during his second term as president, Franklin Roosevelt fought for and constructed many versions of legislation to end the exploitation of women and children. Finally on October 24, 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act became effective. The Act limited the hired workers to be no less than sixteen, the work week to no more than forty hours and the minimum wage to be twenty-five cents anRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most controversial issues on our country, which is United States has been facing last ten years. There have been never ending debates over this issue until the government, company, and others party stand together, and raise the minimum wage throughout the nations. There are communities that believe raise the minimum wage has negative impact of every sector of the country. Other communities have different beliefs over the issue, raising the minimum wage helps the poorRead MoreEssay Shoul d Congress Raise Minimum Wage?614 Words   |  3 PagesShould Congress Raise Minimum Wage? As our federal government debates the idea to raise the minimum wage, there are several interesting questions that occur. Most importantly, should we raise the minimum wage? I believe it is a bad idea to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 per hour up to $10.10 or more in a short period of time. I will explain why raising minimum wage radically would kill jobs and hurt our economy. The main reason raising the minimum wage radically would kill the economy is theRead MoreEssay On Learning Activity Worksheet859 Words   |  4 PagesFor each section, a minimum of one fully-developed paragraph is required. A fully developed paragraph should be a minimum of 5-7 sentences in length. Each paragraph should include at least one in-text APA citation that provides support for the topic. At least two scholarly sources from the Ashford University library (not including your textbook) with in-text citations utilized within your paragraphs are required. Two new sources should be utilized each week to meet the minimum of eight required

The Most Popular Why Us College Essay Samples

The Most Popular Why Us College Essay Samples Working the 9-5 shift everyday can become a boring routine. To get moving in the correct direction, consider what you are interested in getting the college to understand about you that isn't evident from the remainder of your application package. Since 21st-century technology is developing at a quick pace, a growing number of technological innovations have to get implemented virtually every year. For that reason, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it. What Why Us College Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not Readers can't assume anything and have to use the information that you give us. Sit down, consider the story you would like to write. Writing your memoirs is a great exercise and a great start for a beginning author. A minumum of one read is going to be your Regional Dean. The Battle Over Why Us College Essay Samples and How to Win It Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a component of their first requirements. Colleges wish to know you're a superb fit for their school and have a true comprehension of it. After that, think about what they might want to know about their prospective students. Read on to learn more about how to do a good job demonstrating what they really want to know. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Why Us College Essay Samples Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium so as to study the EU. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it can help to understand you're a sure thing. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal spot for me, it is the sole location for me. Utilize Grammarly's plagiarism checker that will help you find any citations you might have missed and properly attribute them. Either can demonstrate the dean you're more than only an application. The Common Application no longer needs a quick answer essay from many applicants, but a lot of colleges continue to include things like the quick answer as a portion of a supplement. Why Us College Essay Samples - Overview You need to make the essay school-specific. As an example, a why us essay might speak about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. The essay should include specific information regarding Oberlin College. Your essay should be unique to you. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Developing a good college essay are able to lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in supplying a very clear direction throughout the full essay. Many students find it hard to compose impressive college application essays. The Common Application's individual essay enables a student to compose a single essay for a number of colleges. Like a college essay, your private revenue statement needs to have a layout. Share an essay on any subject of your selection. You might also see mentoring goals. You could also see leadership targets. You might also personal objectives. You might also educational targets. Think of why you're applying to the school in the very first location, and brainstorm, picking a few ideas that you could elaborate on in an essay. A memoir can be also referred to as an autobiography, as the 2 terms share the exact meaning to some degree. Therefore, the quick answer essay doesn't highlight any sort of remarkable accomplishment or private talent. Take into consideration the details to add in the biography that may bring out clearly about the individual's life. Whether you're aiming for a university admission or landing work at a prominent revenue statement for company, an effe ctive personal letter offers you a better shot in contrast to others. Write in your voice and be sincere of what you're saying. Therefore, if you're planning to eventually apply to graduate school, bear in mind that you could have to write still another diversity statement! The article elaborated on the notion that women are nowadays going more in the workforce and that it's vital that a parent reads to their children, since it could help them learn much better. Unique things to various folks, since the situation demanded. Keeping that in mind, you can need to avoid obtaining a credit card without proper understanding. Now things started to get really intriguing. Saving money in college is a difficult issue to do, but you should begin anyway.

Historical Novel Essay Example For Students

Historical Novel Essay 1. The role of St. Benedict influences life in the monastery by setting specific rules that monks should follow. In Chapter 6 of the St Benedict rules, it portrays the essence of silence, but does not rule out any dire discussion. This rule is applied during Compline which is when the monks meal proceeded in silence, as is customary (94). In relation to the Cellarer, chapters 31-32 in the Rule explain that the Cellarer is responsible for important valuables of the abbey. While Salvatore was in the kitchen, the chief cook noticed that he was hiding some chicken scraps and he scolded him saying, Cellarer, cellarer, you must look after the goods of the abbey, not squander them! (121). He reminded Salvatore of the rule that he follows. Abbot Abo expresses chapter 56 of the Rule, which directs that the abbot shall take his meals with the guests. He does this on the first day during Compline, the abbot invited William to his table and said that for this evening, since I was also a new guest, I would enjoy the same privilege (93). Malachi the Librarian renders chapter 33 of the Rule which forbids the private possession of anything without the leave of the abbot. He explained the process that is conveyed when distributing books from the library, the monk asked the librarian for the work he wish to consult and the librarian then went to fetch it from the library above, if the request was justified and devout (74). 2. Eco sets up the interest concept of knowing is seeing during the conversation between William, Adso and the master glazier, Nicholas of Mormimondo. People sometimes do not accept new improvements to life, just because it does not come in accord with what they believe in. They might know what it may do but do not believe in it. William expresses this idea when hes describing why he had to restrain himself from using his glasses during trials saying, I myself, during trials in which someone was suspected of dealings with the Devil, have had to take care not to use these lenses I myself would have been considered a friend of the accused (87). It proves how those that were present were not mentally ready to see such an instrument as the glasses he hid. Nicholas profession as a master glazier collaborates the metaphor even more since he did not know of the works that could be done with glass to sharpen ones eyesight and that glassmaking is not only for the manufacture of windows. He expresses great interest in the lenses when William spoke of it saying, I hope you will allow me to examine them one of these days; I would be happy to produce some similar ones, (86). Unlike ignorant people that were at the trial with William, Nicholas welcomed the new finding and rejoiced at such a wonder. William gives an excellent metaphor when he replies to Nicholas statement on how he feels that he cannot compare to the ancient master glaziers when he says, We are dwarfs, but dwarfs who stand on the shoulders of giants, and small though we are, we sometimes manage to see farther in the horizon then they (86). His response meant that though he might not have been able to compose glass windows as those before him, which does not mean that he can not formulate something equally magnificent to it. Many may understand the concept of knowing is seeing but until they truly believe it, theyll have nothing. 3. The discovery of Vanantius body in the vat of pigs blood contains two allusional references. One being a biblical allusion in the Old Testament concerning the symbolism of pigs blood. In Deuteronomy 14:4 it speaks of the consumption and touch of the meat and blood of a pig as being unclean. .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .postImageUrl , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:visited , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:active { border:0!important; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:active , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life And Death In John Keats EssayA comment towards the blood is made when Vanantius body was being removed from the scene saying, The abbot ordered the corpse to be extracted from the ghastly liquid (104). Referring to the blood as a ghastly liquid supports the biblical allusion. The second allusion is one referring to a previous phrase made by William concerning the hoof prints in the snow (26) made by Brunellus. William reiterates this phrase slightly differently but still pertaining into the same concept saying, another mans body leaves deep tracks in the snow (106). Both symbolize the snow being a slate where William can deduct the events that occurred. 4. There are three debates between William and Jorge concerning the legality of laughter. These debates show the development of each character. William expresses that laughter is a way of life and believes laughter is a good medicine like baths, to treat humors and the other afflictions of the body, (131) but Jorge disagrees and believes that laughter brings evil upon oneself. He replies to William saying, Laughter shakes the body, distorts the features of the face, makes man similar to the monkey (131). Jorge expresses he ignorance and is again disproved as William responded to that comment saying, Monkeys do not laugh (131). He shows humor in his response to Jorge which enraged him and kept the debate going deeper and deeper. Jorges support to his argument is that Christ did not laugh (132) because there is no scripture in the bible stating that he did and that laughter is something very close to death and to the corruption of the body (96). Both make compelling arguments but William never showed doubt in what he was saying unlike Jorge who insulted William in Latin saying, Tum podex carmen exulit horridulum (130) which meant Then this asshole let out a vulgar sound. William realized that the old man was set in his ways and was not only blinded physically but blinded mentally and he decided to humble himself saying, Perhaps what you say is correct, and I was mistaken (134). 5. There is an apparent allusion found between William and Adsos attempt to solve the problem of gaining entrance to the Finis Africae, Edgar Allan Poes The Gold Bug, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Adventures of the Dancing Men. The reference being that all three are mysteries that needed code deciphering. William expresses, Bacon was right in saying that the conquest of learning is achieved through the knowledge of languages and The best treatises on cryptography are the work of infidel scholars (Eco 165). One can see that in Adventures of the Dancing Men, Holmes makes a similar statement saying, I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing and am myself the author of a trifling monograph on the subject (Doyle 720). Both are describing how they fortunately have the knowledge of code deciphering. In The Gold Bug, Poe utilizes a superior example as Mr. Legrand appeared to be frenetic as he assembled an intricate system of unfamiliar codes via the use of the gold bug.

The Training Program for the Personnel

Introduction Description of the Program Content The training program is designed for employees of a computer company in the UAE whose subsidiaries are located in different cities. The program involves 4 classes where the trainees will study specific techniques and methods enhancing their competitiveness in advertizing the new product (Astrocompt ZT).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Training Program for the Personnel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem of location will also be addressed to introduce specific methods of teaching. With regard to the techniques, the program is to be implemented in 4 weeks where 1 week will be given for studying one technique. Objectives The objectives of the training are as follows: To increase the capacity of the new staff. Not-well trained employee could change the relation of the employees towards their fellow workers; To improve the overall performance of the c ompany; To develop the higher advanced skills in the new workers. To develop the skills of the new employees so as to speed up the educational process. Training Techniques These training techniques are aimed at improving the efficiency of the computer company. Hence, the identified techniques include strategies for enhancing greetings, the implementation of open-ended questions, emphasis on better understanding of the product, and effective listening techniques. Greetings The client has to be greeted so as to create a healthy environment for business and ensure that the client is at the right place. The greetings could also make a customer feel comfortable to ask questions about the products. Open-ended Questions The importance of open-ended questions is to allow the sales clerk to know the nature of the goods the buyer would wish to purchase. This ensures that a sales representative could explain the buyer the technical characteristics of the product, the peculiarities of its work ing process and consult the buyer about the prize. These questions ensure that the salesperson does not get â€Å"Yes† or â€Å"No† answers. It also gives an opportunity to create an effective dialogue between the salesperson and the buyer.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Understanding the Product The seller benefits from full understanding of the product after one enables him/her to read a description report of the product and then to discuss the specifics of the goods. Effective Listening Effective listening will help the seller identify the customers’ needs. It enables the seller to cope with all types of customers: arrogant, moody, polite or abusive persons. Methods of Teaching for Each Class Each class will be dedicated to mastering the above-enumerated techniques. In order to understand the main aspects of successful relations between the cust omer and provider, it is necessary to introduce a number of theories on managing customer relations. Specifically, a plan of lectures should be developed to investigate such points as the basics of customer service and support, development of customer attention, and identification of potential buyers. Similar concerns are connected to structuring open-ended questions, understanding the product, and analyzing effective listening techniques. Due to the fact that employees participating in the program work in different cities, using online conferences and e-mails for accomplishing assignments will suit the best the teaching methods. In this respect, each subsidiary should have a class equipped with computers for conducting online lessons. All the tasks accomplished in the form of questions, essays, and case studies will be submitted to the main office of the company. In addition, it will be more effective for the program supervisors to create official online site revealing the main asp ects of the training program to attract more employees into the course and encourage those to learn more information about successful customer relation management.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Training Program for the Personnel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is more important, the employees registered to the site should be provided with personal login and password to their page where they can receive theoretical and practical information. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Program The distribution of questionnaires helps to give a comprehensive report of the training techniques learnt by the trainees after they fill them. Informal comments are one more mean of training. These comments facilitate an employer or a human resource manager to learn the effectiveness of the training of the new employees. Job assessments. The trainees will go back to the company so as to know whether they have acqui red the new techniques or not. Pre- and Post-test scores. The company analyzes its performance before and after the new employees’ training. This helps the company to learn if its scores are improving or not. Supervisor’s report. The supervisors should come up with a report that shows the new performance of the trainees after the training. This determines the new performance of the company. Financial report. This is a report that shows the new difference of finance status before and after training. This may show some improvement shifts in the employees’ performance. Inspecting the trainees. This will help to know if the trainees are using the newly acquired techniques. This evaluation technique is aimed at underscoring the results of the training implementation.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering clients’ comments let the company know if there is an improvement after the training. Consideration of the clients’ comments enables to know the demand on the product. In addition, job observation helps to determine whether the sales are increasing after selling or not. Requirements for the Staff Prior to the course introduction, the employees should review carefully the main problems and objectives presented in the program. They should have full awareness of the main techniques and methods that will be applied to enhancing their competitiveness and performance. Due to the fact that the majority of employees are located in different cities, they should still be equally informed about the main scope of the course. Certain behavioral patterns should be worked out as well for effective implementation of the program. In particular, the supervisor should make sure that trainees have equal level of comprehending information, as well as equal skills for knowledge acquisition. It is also advisable to define if all employees should understand the general developmental and behavioral needs. In addition, they should be ready to re-evaluate and re-conceptualize previous mistakes. Providing Solutions to the Problem Due to the fact that the employees were directed by the general guidelines stating duties and obligations of the employees, no information was given on the product itself. Specifically, the supervisor failed to give the major advertising characteristics of the newly introduced product. Judging from the customer’s complaints, the trainer never introduced total description of the product, as well as failed to initiate the employees into the warrantee questions. In addition, lack of effective communication and listening skills also contributed to failure of the selling process. Communication skills In many companies, the communication between the client and the salesperson is usually wanting. This is because the sales representative s are sometimes rude to their clients if they do not come to an agreement. Therefore, the salespeople should improve their communication strategy in order to attract more customers. They need to greet the customers warmly in order to start a healthy business communication. The buyers now start feeling comfortable asking questions about any products. Listening skills Once a customer calls or visits the business premises, the salesperson is required to listen to the client attentively to understand what exactly the customer needs, and come into an agreement with him/her. This ensures that the salesperson will try to provide the client with an adequate report about the product. The number of customer’s increases because there are no customers that leave the company without complete information about products of the company. Encourage advertisement The company should ensure that advertisements are properly introduced. The advertisement should contain a comprehensive report about the product. Additionally, it should be genuine and well presented to help the customers get more information about the launched product. The increase in sales volume will be noted immediately. Punctuality The successful work of a company requires the punctuality of every employee in the company. This will help the company to deal with more customers within a short period of time. In addition, it should ensure that the product is ordered and delivered to the client on time. Maintenance Computers are highly delicate electronics. Therefore, they should be handled carefully in order to keep them in a good state. If computers must be delivered, they should be carried carefully so as not to break those down. Therefore, the company should have the qualified personnel to handle its goods to ensure the quality. The already trained employees can teach their clients how to handle the computers. Finances The company must use its finances wisely, for example, in training its employees for the p urpose of increasing its productivity. It all depends on the finance policy and the management of the enterprise. The company has to introduce new advertising methods in order to attract more customers. Since the introduction of â€Å"Astrodome ZT† by the company, its purchase rates have been too low due to new sales representatives who could not find the answers to questions asked by clients. Results are shown by the difference in productivity. If the training is effective, it will be indicated by the behavior of the newly trained staff. In most cases, there must be an improvement in the behavior of the trainees to indicate the well performed training. With regard to this computer company, improvement will lead to an improvement in every department of the company. For example, customers’ number will increase and the sales volumes should be augmented as well. Reactions of customers enable the company to measure the efficiency of training. The first reactions of custome rs are particularly valuable because they clearly indicate the clients’ positive or negative attitude to the offered product. Table Duration (in days) Content Methods of Training Date 5 Greeting (basics of customer relations management) Evaluation of practical information; organization of power point presentation 11/28/2011 5 Structuring open-ended questions Analysis of cases studies on management 12/05/2011 5 Product Analysis Analysis of cases studies related to the product defects for the employees to understand the main benefits and shortcomings of the product 12/12/2011 5 Effective Listening Analysis of reasons for customer complaints with regard to communication theories 12/19/2011 This assessment on The Training Program for the Personnel was written and submitted by user Linda Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nothing wrong with Hopefully as Modal Adjunct

Nothing wrong with Hopefully as Modal Adjunct Nothing wrong with Hopefully as Modal Adjunct Nothing wrong with Hopefully as Modal Adjunct By Maeve Maddox My 2009 edition of the Associated Press Stylebook has this to say about hopefully: It means in a hopeful manner. Do not use it to mean it is hoped, let us hope or we hope. The 2012 edition of the AP Stylebook reverses that dictum. Professional writers who follow that guide may now use the word to mean â€Å"it is hoped,† â€Å"we hope† and â€Å"let us hope† without opprobrium. It’s gratifying that AP has finally acknowledged that hopefully can be used as a modal adjunct as well as a manner adjunctespecially as English speakers have been using it that way for at least eighty years. Used as a â€Å"manner adjunct,† an adverb answers the question â€Å"how?† about a verb, as in â€Å"He saw her clearly.† Used as a â€Å"modal adjunct,† an adverb modifies the entire sentence, as in â€Å"Clearly, he saw her at the coffee shop.† Here the word doesn’t tell â€Å"how† he saw, but thatwithout any doubthe saw her. Because the AP change of attitude has stirred such fury among so many, I wanted to see what Fowler had to say about hopefully in his landmark work Modern English, published in 1926. He had nothing to say about hopefully, but plenty about the misuse of the verb hope. Hopefully is absent also from Horwill’s Modern American Usage (OUP, 1935). According to an article by Geoffrey Pullum in the Chronicle of Higher Education, usage specialist Wilson Follett (1886-1963) started the trouble with hopefully, calling its modal use â€Å"unEnglish and eccentric.† Although Strunk had made no mention of the despicable use of hopefully in the original version of Elements of Style, and although editor and expander E.B. White did not think to include it in his 1959 revision, he inserted it with an emotional note in the 1972 revision: Such use is not merely wrong, it is silly. it offends the ear of manywho do not like to see words dulled or eroded, particularly when the erosion leads to ambiguity, softness, or nonsense. I suspect that this testy note in the over-venerated Elements has had a lot to do with spreading Follett’s prejudice. William Safire, who wrote a respected column on language for the NY Times Magazine from 1979 until his death in 2009, at first rejected, but then accepted the modal use of hopefully; he was called â€Å"a lousy quitter† for his trouble. Both the OED and Merriam-Webster include definitions for the modal use of hopefully. The earliest recorded use in the OED is dated 1932; M-W notes that an 18th century (1702) example has been found in a book written by Cotton Mather. OED warns that â€Å"many writers avoid it.† M-W says that the word still has â€Å"a few die-hard critics,† but concludes that â€Å"most usage commentators have by now come to realize that it is entirely standard.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?3 Cases of Complicated HyphenationEpidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

HOW TO START A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

HOW TO START A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY Descriptive essay is a type of essay that is commonly requested by many educational institutions. Its main goal is to present a description from your own perspective or your own point of view. To make descriptive essay more memorable, your main priority will be presenting the topic or described object in a unique and personal way. Yes, it is necessary to make some research and read other descriptive essay writings in order to have wider ‘picture’, understanding the way descriptive essay can be written or presented. There are many options of how to start a   descriptive essay today. Make sure to focus on additional information and find facts about the topic or the object that interest you most.   Ã‚   Descriptive essay follows basic five-paragraph structure and has introduction, main body and conclusion. It is wise to include in your descriptive essay description of interesting place, memorable experience, or certain special attitude or perspective. Keep in mind that you can always rely on our company to assist you to write your perfect descriptive essay. All our descriptive essays are delivered on time. Ordering your descriptive essay with us is a prominent and sure way to invest your money in your educational success and prosperity. HOW TO START A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY Before you start writing a descriptive essay, these are the facts that you should keep in mind to make your descriptive essay look best. Descriptive essay involves making a strong accent on your personal observation. Yet, how to start a descriptive essay? The description that you provide as an author must strictly focus on the subject. The description subjects are one person, certain event or experience, particular and unique place of attendance, past memory, etc. Start with identifying a personal perception of the perceived experiences. The best way is to describe something you have personally observed, experienced or perceived. Imagine as if you have something that you are eager to tell about to your readers. If you succeed, the readers may believe that they experienced that on their own. A standard descriptive essay is unwrapped around senses like sight, smell, sound, texture, touch, taste. Focus on providing more vivid detailed description. Conclude with relating to main idea of the writing. Be inspiring and create a sparkle of light in the readers’ heart.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Case Study Example Mike’s also has its own wash bays and vacuum islands where customers can wash and clean their cars themselves. Secondly, Mike’s has also created an inviting place. Each of its 19 locations is located in a more-than-an-acre property that is highly landscaped, has a well maintained lawn and with its own underground sprinkler system. The buildings look so clean that people sometimes think Mike’s is a restaurant. Third of all, when it comes to its people, Mike’s is extremely fussy on who it hires. For every 50 applicants, only one might qualify for a second interview. Mike’s ensure that it hires only those people who place the customer’s interest above everything else, those who will fit in well with Mike’s principles. Fourth, regarding selling the relationship, Mike’s always think about their customers, especially their repeat customers. In fact, they live and die on repeat business. They are committed to providing 100% satisfactio n to their customers. Fifth, in order to sell their relationship, Mike’s empower their employees to take ownership of their work. These employees are entrusted to create a happy experience for customers, enough to keep these customers to come back for more of Mike’s services, and to become advocates for Mike’s. Sixth, although Mike’s has its own rules, policies and procedures, it likes to keep things simple. In fact, during the trainings for its employees, Mike’s discusses with its employees the latter’s experiences in the outside world in terms of services they had received as employees and turns the discussion towards how the employees can do the same thing to Mike’s customers. Seventh, Mike’s encourages, and even promotes, (friendly) competition among its stores. Mike’s believes that such friendly competition sparks improvements not only in its stores but also in its employees as well. Mike’s conducts meetings with various

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Research Paper

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Children - Research Paper Example were hit hardest by the depression. On realizing that the economic downfall will last for a period, many countries initiated plans to keep their domestic production protected through the imposition of tariffs. Others raised their existing tariffs, and quotas were set on foreign imports (Ewing, 2006). All these restrictive measured aimed at reduction of international trade volume. Over the consequent assorted number of years, the contribution from investors declined and so did the consumption rate of the customers (Rauchway, 2008). Some economists are of the opinion that significant outcomes tot eh political sphere, with some political aspirants like Franklin D. Roosevelt of the democrat getting advantage of the economic distress. Arguably, the economic depression affected nation, consequently affecting individuals with those involved in trade getting severe effects. Though given less emphasis, the effects of the depression in children was as well diverse. This paper analyses in depth the consequences of the Great Depression in the US experienced by children. Lack of education Education is a key factor to the success of every child. As such, it is a requirement that children are given enough of it to ensure that their future life is well constructed. However, with the prevailing tension and economic distress during the Great Depression, the opportunity to access education was at stake (Terkel, 2011). Evidently, during this period, American institutions were profoundly transformed. For instance, in the 1920s, there was erosion of crucial educational advances, resulting in the closing of schools. The closure of these schools was instigated by the fact that funding was no more. In addition, those schools that were under construction were brought to a halt. This meant that children could not attend school any more. Notably also, the arrears for teachers and educational administrators increased. As a result, they formed unions and engaged in strikes with hope that th eir arrears would be cleared. The consequences were felt by children for lack of teachers and administrators meant that learning was no more (Bound & Turner, 2002). Retrieved on March 30, 2013, from http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/trickle-down-in-down-market-1.jpg Alteration of Family Unit structures The Great Depression altered the way of living for families and children, turning to be a challenge to every American family. The notable effects ranged from impacted financial structures and employment of the entire family unit. Further, the families lost their jobs and could not settle their mortgage debt were rendered homeless. The basic needs like food, water, and shelter became scarce. Regardless of where one was living, be it in the city or on the farms, life was hectic for everyone. The depression forced the kids to work, made others run away from their family, and began living in the railroads. Most of the children from families that were not well off were forced to work and bring money to the family for their upkeep (Rauchway, 2008). This meant that the family structure was completely altered as every individual in the family felt the need to work add to the family income. Working of the children was not that good since children were affected in growth due to the physical fatigue and psychological depression. Medical challenges During this period, scholars document that infant mortality rate was at its peak because there was no prenatal medical care for the pregnant

Tobacco Company Strategies Towards Health Awareness Essay Example for Free

Tobacco Company Strategies Towards Health Awareness Essay Threats faced by the tobacco company is the raise of awareness on the hazard of smoking and the big increament in taxes. The awareness campaign usually came from the local government which tax is paid to. On the other hand, number of smokers keep on rising each day eventhough the proggresive campaign towards the awareness of hazards of smoking. Several resistance towards the development of tobacco company. Like wise, the company has to raise the good image of their company. By doing this, the bad image as a tobacco company which lead to unhealthy life style will be reduce. They tried to emerged with a lot of positive approach towards the effort on banning smoking in public area. The world tobacco industry generated sales of almost $721 billion in 2010 according to analyst. Cigarettes represent the leading market segment with revenue exceeding $681 billion, which accounts for almost 95% of the overall market. The yearly rate of market growth is expected to accelerate to be 4. 5% until 2015, bringing the market to almost $890 billion. The tobacco market involves the retail of tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos and chewing tobacco. There are currently around 1. billion smokers in the world; this figure is expected to climb at a rate of almost 4% per year. Tobacco is grown in over 120 countries worldwide, using close to 4 million hectares of total agricultural land available globally. Around 12 million cigarettes are smoked every minute around the world. Around 35% of men in developed nations smoke, compared with 50% of men in developing nations. Abou t 22% of women smoke in developed nations, compared with less than 10% in developing nations. Cigarettes represent the largest share of the tobacco market in sales volume and value. Though consumption levels have fallen, the absolute number of smokers has been climbing along with the global population and disposable incomes, reports Global Industry Analysts. China is the largest regional market for cigarettes. Cigars do not generate the same sales or sell in the same high volume as cigarettes. In a more recent trend, the social cachet attached to cigars has been boosting sales. As consumers become more health conscious, they are opting for cigars for their lower level of harm to health. Cigarillos, which are cigars that way less than three grams, represent the market segments recording the most rapid growth. In the past, cigars have been much less marketed than cigarettes, associated with a different demographic (that of the older male), and have not been paid much promotional attention by companies. Advertising of cigars is on the rise, along with aromatic filter varieties, which appeal more to younger and female demographics, and there are increasing numbers of tobacco-only stores in operation. The three leading companies in the global tobacco market are Philip Morris International, China National Tobacco Corporation and Japan Tobacco. Philip Morris International is the world’s largest tobacco company, which sells its products in 180 countries, and held a 16% stake in the international market outside of the US in 2010. Excluding China, the company holds almost 28% of the global market. As tobacco consumption in developed countries declines due to health awareness, tobacco companies are concentrating more on developing countries, including Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The industry is focusing its efforts on advertising strategies such as offering low-risk products and re-launching existing products to attract female consumers. More recent product offerings include cigarettes flavored with mint, citrus, and vanilla, and low-risk products with reduced toxins and carcinogens or free of nicotine. The global tobacco industry continues to struggle with negative publicity due to health concerns, high taxes, and state regulations. Once seen as a social pass time, smoking is now perceived as anti-social and damaging to health, causing premature deaths and lunch cancer. Companies are now required to include health warnings on their product labels and are no longer allowed to undertake marketing campaigns. For example in America, the tobacco industry has funded state initiatives that provide resources to help smokers quit smoking as per the  Master Settlement Agreement  regulated by the U. S. government. For example,  Phillip Morris  USA operates a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quit Assist†Ã‚  website that acts as a guide for those who choose to quit smoking. Companies and organizations can sponsor events, programs, festivals, performances, individuals, groups, teams, equipment and/or facilities, by providing financial support for activities, promotions and services. Sponsorship refers to the donation of money, services or in-kind support in exchange for recognition of the donation (e. g. , being listed as a â€Å"sponsor† of an event, production or competition). Many companies, including tobacco companies, engage in sponsorship for the purpose of promoting a product or a cause, supporting a needy group, establishing name recognition for a company or brand, earning publicity for a â€Å"good deed,† or building an image for a company, organization or product.

Importance of Training and Mentoring :: Human Resource Employee Improvement Strategy

Importance of Training and Mentoring The management is committed to training and development in the field of industrial cleaning and sanitation industry. These two components are part of our culture, and we believe that the way to fulfill this commitment is to provide training for new and current employees. For this reason, we have implemented a new training program with a mentor base. We recognize the value of mentoring as an important instrument of organizational learning. Mentoring provides an opportunity for successful individuals to share knowledge and to advise employees. This interactive mechanism will not only enhance the skills of the sales team but will also enhance professional and career skills of employees. Our goal is to provide our employees with reliable mentors. Our mentors have strong knowledge of and professional expertise in their fields. The mentors will help employees learn to handle various situations, enhance their developmental skills, and avoid some of the pitfalls that can potentially sidetra ck a career or delay promotion opportunities. Mentoring also has the potential of broadening skills, experience, and expertise through the organization. Our training program is based on a method that provides employees the skills they will need to perform their job. For example, the program will teach a new salesperson how to sell our products, or a new supervisor will learn how to fill out the company’s weekly payroll timesheet. Our sales team is considered one of the best teams in the industry, with higher production numbers, customer service, and community service. In the same line we want our training program to be the best. We believe that, as a means for you as our employee to expand into a winning professional, two types of schooling in business and interpersonal maturity should be in place. We understand that business is important. However, the success of a business is contingent on our employees’ personal and professional development. We want our employees to have fun in their daily work and in their training. Objective of the Training The reason for the training program is to pair the trainee with a mentor in order for the trainee to become more knowledgeable about the products and services that we provide. With a mentor, the trainee has instant access to a person who can answer questions and concerns. The training program provides the trainee with other important information including the following: the company history, features and benefits, compliance standards, contract related training, computer/software training, leadership training, customer service, communication, and regulations.

What Is Video Conferencing

Video conferencing is a newer tool available to individuals and businesses, which allows people to communicate between two separate locations, via software that combines video and voice. This can be done as simply as a web camera and having conversations with friends and family. Businesses use this tool to improve many areas of the company. Travel expenditures, time, rentals, hotels, entertainment, etc, are all costs of traveling somewhere to conduct business. By using video and voice solutions, companies enable their geographically dispersed workforces to communicate and collaborate more effectively and productively over distances. Employees can collaborate from offices, meeting rooms, and even mobile devices. A variety of organizations are using these standards-based solutions to: ⠝â€" Gain a fast return on their investment as their teams easily collaborate â€Å"face to face† wherever they are ⠝â€" Cut the time, cost, and carbon emissions associated with gathering the right people in one place to solve problems ⠝â€" Apply saved resources, time, and energy to primary business and organizational challenges Businesses will sometimes use , simultaneous videoconferencing, which is having conversations among three or more remote points. This is becoming more popular now that DSL and broadband internet is widely available to the public. How this technology is used where I work This form of communication is not used widely in the housing industry as of yet; however, our company started using video conferencing when gas prices climbed past three and four dollars. This company has 37 properties, which it manages within a 200-mile radius. When gasoline prices climbed above $3.00/gal, with no end in sight, this company took steps to eliminate costs, and one-step is video conferencing. Since the implication of video conference, our regional manager shows up once a month (versus weekly) and there is a video conference every Tuesday. The company did not opt to change the methodology after gasoline prices subsided because the savings are very high. Because of this, the company has taken the monies that it has saved and invested them into improving areas of the company. Since the regional manager has the time available to him that he once spent driving, he has more time to address and review further issue that arise and project that need to want to be completed. This is the only work place that I have worked where such technology has been available. In one previous place (fast food), there was a thief, so the company installed video cameras that could be viewed remotely. In the maintenance field, it is necessary for the manager(s) to have visual reference of the items discussed. The electronic age has that made the communication end of my job easier. I am able to take a picture with a camera phone or digital camera and send that to a manager for visual representation. For example, my manager can print out a picture of what I sent him, turn his back to the camera in a video conference, and have a conversation about the issue at hand almost as if we are in the same room. Another benefit is I can get a faster response time than before, because I can send the information, and then discuss the situation shortly thereafter rather than whenever the next scheduled conference is. Message Types The message type that is in play here is face-to-face communication, in a digital form. All the characteristics that one has in a traditional face-to-face conversation are all present within video conferencing. One can see the body language and facial expressions the other person has and have the ability to compare that with the individual’s tone just like a typical conversation. Just as in a typical conversation, one is able to judge the appearance and level of professionalism of the other person. Because of the video conferencing, even when sending an email the level of professionalism is still there because of communication with these individuals in a digital and internet manner. I feel that video conferencing has improved my daily, weekly, and monthly life where I work. This innovative manner of communication has sped up response time on issues, saved the company thousands of dollars, and improved the work environment within the company. Employees, managers, regional manager, and owners now are able to know who is on the other end of the line when they are having a conversation; this adds a level of respect towards the other individual. Improving the quality of communication within an organization has been a benchmark for this company.

Air Water Soil Noise Pollution Essay

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i. e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution became a popular issue after World War II, due to radioactive fallout from atomic warfare and testing. Then a non-nuclear event, The Great Smog of 1952 in London, killed at least 4000 people. This prompted some of the first major modern environmental legislation, The Clean Air Act of 1956. Air pollution Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth’s ecosystems. Pollutants An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made. Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone — one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog. Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include: Sulfur oxides (SOx) – especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. [2] This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) – especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants. Carbon monoxide – is a colourless, odourless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) – a greenhouse gas emitted from combustion but is also a gas vital to living organisms. It is a natural gas in the atmosphere. Odors — such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes Radioactive pollutants – produced by nuclear explosions, war explosives, and natural processes such as the radioactive decay of radon. Secondary pollutants include:  Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution; the word â€Å"smog† is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. Ground level ozone (O3) formed from NOx and VOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the troposphere (it is also an important constituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer). Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) – similarly formed from NOx and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: A large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the Clean Air Act and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. A variety of persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment. Health effects of Air Pollution: The World Health Organization states that 2. 4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution, with 1. 5 million of these deaths attributable to indoor air pollution. Worldwide more deaths per year are linked to air pollution than to automobile accidents. Direct causes of air pollution related deaths include aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases, and respiratory allergies. The worst short term civilian pollution crisis in India was the 1984 Bhopal Disaster. Leaked industrial vapors from the Union Carbide factory, belonging to Union Carbide, Inc. , U. S. A. , killed more than 2,000 people outright and injured anywhere from 150,000 to 600,000 others, some 6,000 of whom would later die from their injuries. The United Kingdom suffered its worst air pollution event when the December 4 Great Smog of 1952 formed over London. In six days more than 4,000 died, and 8,000 more died within the following months Water pollution Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e. g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater). Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Causes of water pollution The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc. ) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e. g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species. Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Effects of Water Pollution Water pollution is a major problem in the global context An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90% of China’s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Chemical and other contaminants Organic water pollutants include: Detergents Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water, such as chloroform Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances, fats and grease Insecticides and herbicides, a huge range of organohalides and other chemical compounds Petroleum hydrocarbons, including fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil) and lubricants (motor oil), and fuel combustion byproducts, from stormwater runoff[15] Tree and bush debris from logging operations Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as industrial solvents, from improper storage. Chlorinated solvents, which are dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), may fall to the bottom of reservoirs, since they don’t mix well with water and are denser. Various chemical compounds found in personal hygiene and cosmetic products Inorganic water pollutants include: Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power plants) Ammonia from food processing waste Chemical waste as industrial by-products Fertilizers containing nutrients–nitrates and phosphates–which are found in stormwater runoff from agriculture, as well as commercial and residential use[15] Heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban stormwater runoff)[15][16] and acid mine drainage Silt (sediment) in runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing sites Land pollution Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Land pollution is the degradation of Earth’s land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors. Urbanization and industrialization are major causes of land pollution. Increased mechanization The major increase in the concentration of population in cities, along with the internal combustion engine, led to the increased number of roads and all the infra structure that goes with them. Roads cause visual, noise, light, air and water pollution, in addition to land pollution. The visual and noise areas are obvious, however light pollution is becoming more widely recognized as a problem. From outer space, large cities can be picked out at night by the glow of their lighting, so city dwellers seldom experience total darkness. As the demand for food has grown very high, there is an increase in field size and mechanization. The increase in field size makes t economically viable for the farmer but results in loss of person and shelter for wildlife, as hedgerows and copses disappear. When crops are harvested, the naked soil is left open to wind after the heavy machinery has compacted it. Another consequence of more intensive agriculture is the move to monoculture. This is unnatural, it depletes the soil of nutrients, allows diseases and pests to spread and, in short, brings into play the use of chemical substances foreign to the environment. A pesticide is a substance or m ixture of substances used to kill a pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance. Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there are also drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other organisms. Pesticides are used to control organisms which are considered harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit many potentially deadly diseases like west Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria disease. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas. Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Mining Modern mining projects leave behind disrupted communities, damages landscapes, and polluted water. Mining also affects ground and surface waters, the aquatic life, vegetation, soils, animals, and the human health. Acid mine drainage can cause damage to streams which in return can kill aquatic life. The vast variety of toxic chemicals released by mining activities can harm animals and aquatic life as well as their habitat. The average mine disturbs over a thousand acres of land. Construction See the bodies of water. doing this, natural water filters are damaged. Natural water filters help break down many pollutants before they reach other water bodies. Some that may run off with water and sediments from construction sites are oils, debris, and paint. This can cause damage to soil, aquatic life, and promote hazardous chemicals to get into drinking water. Effects A large percentage of material that is dumped into waters not only destroys habitats for animals but for humans as well. Below is a list of some impacts of land pollution. There are some habitats, where aquatic animals feed and live, so there is a risk of destruction of habitat of aquatic animals. Reduced oxygen levels from decomposition of organic material dumped from drains. Reduced light penetration in the water column, from sediments and excessive algal growth, leading to oxygen depleted water. *Massively changed flow regimes, large fast flows can scour existing habitat and wash species downstream. Increased human health risks, from syringes, broken glass and cans washing onto creek banks and beaches. Reduced aesthetic appeal of areas from litter strewn on banks and beaches, thus reducing recreation and tourist appeal. Acid rain damages trees and other plants.

How to Say of Course in Spanish

How to Say of Course in Spanish If you want to indicate that something is obvious, just as you would do in English with the phrase of course, here are some words and phrases that you can use, some of them are adverbs of affirmation. Of course, when translating such sentences to English, you arent limited to the phrase of course or those used here; depending on the tone of the conversation, you can also use words such as obviously and certainly. Claro A literal translation of claro is clearly, although of course often works, depending on the context: Claro que irà © a Costa Rica a ver a Cristiano. (Of course, Ill go to Costa Rica to see Cristiano.)Sà ­, sà ­, claro, estoy muy contenta. (Yes, yes, of course, Im very happy.) ¡Claro que sà ­! (Of course!) ¡Claro que no! (Of course not!) ¡Claro que fue gol! (Of course, it was a goal!)La diferencia, claro, es que la droga es ilegal. (The difference, of course, is that the drug is illegal.)Claro que el paà ­s est dividido entre los que trabajamos y los que no trabajamos. (Clearly, the country is divided between those of us who work and those of us who dont work.) Desde Luego As is the case with other idioms, the phrase desde luego doesnt make much sense if you try translating it word for word (since later). But in some areas it is a popular way to say of course:  ¡Desde luego! (Of course!) ¡Desde luego que no! (Of course not!)Desde luego que habrà ­a un nuevo plan. (Of course thered be a brand-new plan.)Desde luego que vamos hacerlo lo ms rpido posible. (Of course, were going to do it as quickly as possible.)Jimmy Page es un gran guitarrista, desde luego. (Jimmy Page is a great guitarist, of course.) Por Supuesto Por supuesto is also very common:  ¡Por supuesto! (Of course!) ¡Por supuesto que no! (Of course not!)Por supuesto creo que el estado debe ayudarnos. (Of course I believe the state should help us.)Estoy muy satisfecha, por supuesto. (Im quite satisfied, of course.)Por supuesto, vamos a analizar todo lo que pasà ³. (Obviously, were going to analyze everything that has happened.) Be aware that sometimes por supuesto can be part of a longer phrase to indicate that something is supposed rather than proven, as supuesto is the past participle of suponer, which often means to suppose: Detuvieron al hijo del actor por supuesto abuso. (They arrested the actors son for alleged abuse.) Es un Hecho Que Es un hecho que can be used to indicate that something can simply be assumed: Es un hecho que los senadores tambià ©n aprobarn el programa. (It can be taken for granted that the senators will also approve the program.)Creo que es un hecho que el cambio del clima se debe al hombre. (I believe its a given that climate change is mans doing.) Other Adverbs Other possibilities include the adverbs obviamente (obviously), seguramente (surely) and ciertamente (certainly), although of course the choice of translation depends on the context: Obviamente la pregunta est formulada de esa manera para confundir a la gente. (Obviously the question is worded that way to confuse people.)Compramos muchas cosas y obviamente compramos trajes de baà ±o. (We bought a lot of things, and obviously we bought swimsuits.)Seguramente prefieren lo mismo que nosotros. (Surely they prefer the same thing as we do.)Ciertamente no quiero ser parte de ello. (Certainly, I dont want to be part of that.)Nuestro profesor, ciertamente, es à ºnico. (Our teacher definitely is unique.)Las casas estn deterioradas y seguramente requerirn de una inversià ³n grande. (The houses are deteriorated and surely will require a large investment.)

Heres How to Use Attribution to Avoid Plagiarism in Your News Stories

Heres How to Use Attribution to Avoid Plagiarism in Your News Stories Recently I was editing a story by a student of mine at the community college where I teach journalism. It was a sports story, and at one point there was a quote from one of the professional teams in nearby Philadelphia. But the quote was simply placed in the story with no attribution. I knew it was highly unlikely that my student had landed a one-on-one interview with this coach, so I asked him where he had gotten it. I saw it in an interview on one of the local cable sports channels, he told me. Then you need to attribute the quote to the source, I told him. You need to make it clear that the quote came from an interview done by a TV network. This incident raises two issues that students often are unfamiliar with, namely, attribution and plagiarism. The connection, of course, is that you must use proper attribution in order to avoid plagiarism. Attribution Lets talk about attribution first. Any time you use information in your news story that doesnt come from your own firsthand, original reporting, that information must be attributed to the source where you found it. For example, lets say youre writing a story about how students at your college are being affected by changes in gas prices. You interview lots of students for their opinions and put that in your story. Thats an example of your own original reporting. But lets say you also cite statistics about how much gas prices have risen or fallen recently. You might also include the average price of a gallon of gas in your state or even across the country. Chances are, you probably got those numbers from a website, either a news site like The New York Times, or a site that specifically focuses on crunching those kinds of numbers. Its fine if you use that data, but you must attribute it to its source. So if you got the information from The New York Times, you must write something like this: According to The New York Times, gas prices have fallen nearly 10 percent in the last three months. Thats all thats required. As you can see, attribution isnt complicated. Indeed, attribution is very simple in news stories, because you dont have to use footnotes or create bibliographies the way you would for a research paper or essay. Simply cite the source at the point in the story where the data is used. But many students fail to properly attribute information in their news stories. I often see articles by students that are full of information taken from the Internet, none of it attributed. I dont think these students are consciously trying to get away with something. I think the problem is the fact that the Internet offers a seemingly infinite amount of data thats instantly accessible. Weve all gotten so accustomed to googling something we need to know about, and then using that information in whatever way we see fit. But a journalist has a higher responsibility. He or she must always cite the source of any information they havent gathered themselves. (The exception, of course, involves matters of common knowledge. If you say in your story that the sky is blue, you dont need to attribute that to anyone, even if you havent looked out the window for a while.) Why is this so important? Because if you dont properly attribute your information, youll be vulnerable to charges of plagiarism, which is just about the worst sin a journalist can commit. Plagiarism Many students dont understand plagiarism in quite this way. They think of it as something thats done in a very broad and calculated way, such as copying and pasting a news story from the Internet, then putting your byline on top and sending it to your professor. Thats obviously plagiarism. But most cases of plagiarism that I see involve the failure to attribute information, which is a much more subtle thing. And often students dont even realize they are engaging in plagiarism when they cite unattributed information from the Internet. To avoid falling into this trap, students must clearly understand the distinction between firsthand, original reporting and information gathering, i.e., interviews the student has conducted him or herself, and secondhand reporting, which involves getting information that someone else has already gathered or acquired. Lets return to the example involving gas prices. When you read in The New York Times that gas prices have fallen 10 percent, you may think of that as a form of information-gathering. After all, you are reading a news story and getting information from it. But remember, to ascertain that gas prices had fallen 10 percent, The New York Times had to do its own reporting, probably by talking to someone at a government agency that tracks such things. So in this case the original reporting has been done by The New York Times, not you. Lets look at it another way. Lets say you personally interviewed a government official who told you that gas prices had fallen 10 percent. That is an example of you doing original reporting. But even then, you would need to state who was giving you the information, i.e., the name of the official and the agency that he works for.   In short, the best way to avoid plagiarism in journalism is to do your own reporting and attribute any information that doesnt come from your own reporting. Indeed, when writing a news story its better to air on the side of attributing information too much rather than too little. An accusation of plagiarism, even of the unintended kind, can quickly ruin a journalists career. Its a can of worms you just dont want to open. To cite just one example, Kendra Marr was a rising star at Politico.com when editors discovered  shed lifted material from articles done by competing news outlets. Marr wasnt given a second chance. She was fired. So when in doubt, attribute.

Radioactivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radioactivity - Essay Example The process can be described as occurring randomly such that one cannot be in a position to identify which nuclei will decay at any given time but using probability, we can state the number of atomic nuclei that will decay in a given time. Stable isotopes normally have a long half-life and unstable ones have a short half-life. Half-life refers to the period of time an atom requires to decay to half its quantity (Claudio, 2009). When an isotope that is radioactive in nature undergoes decay, it results into a new product. The amount of time taken to create the new product can be estimated by comparing the parent and daughter atoms. The half-life of any given element estimates the mean time that is taken for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughters but it does not describe the behavior during this process. The process as stated above is known to be random whereby one atom can take one half-life while another could last several hundred lives. This way, radioactivity can be descri bed using probabilistic mathematical methods (Piccion, 2013). Radioactive decay is a very important tool in radioactive decay in estimating the age of rocks. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the concept of radioactivity in atoms. So for every report there are some objectives to do in it, and the objective of this report is to determine the half life of the coins, investigate the relationship between decay and accumulation of coins, to determine the of coins that will be decayed and to know the averages of number of throws to reach to coins 1 or 0 in the second lab. I have expected two hypothesis for this experiment, my first theory for lab 1 is does the number of coins decayed decrease with the number of trials and the second experiment my hypothesis was 16 coins were tossed 50 times and the results used to test for the hypothesis: does it take half the number of coins two trials to decay? From the observations made and the results shown on the graph,